FOWL POX DISEASE:PREVENTION AND TREATMENT: TAKES

Dry pox on chicken

Fowl pox is an infectious disease of poultry (Chicken, turkeys,pigeon etc) characterized by proliferative lesions in the skin that progress to thick scabs (cutaneous form) and by lesions in the upper GI and respiratory tracts (diphtheritic form). Virulent strains may cause lesions in the internal organs (systemic form).

Call our Livestock Consultant for assistance

There are two types of fowl pox;

Wet and dried combined

1. Dry Pox
While dry pox generally does not increase mortality, a severe outbreak can cause drops in egg production up to 15%. A bird infected with dry pox will develop proliferative scabs on unfeathered areas of skin, and the flock will display a high level of morbidity. An infection in pullets will result in low mean body weight of the flock

2. Wet Pox
Tracheas can appear reddened or hemorrhagic during certain stages of the disease. The trachea wall is thickened with proliferative, inflamed, often patchy lesions on the interior surface. Mortality occurs when the lesion totally occludes the larynx or the upper part of the trachea.
Wet pox lesions can also be found in the mouth or conjunctiva of the eye.
Wet pox in trachea, patchy lesions.

Wet pox on the upper respiratory tract of chicken

DIAGNOSIS
Dry pox
Dry pox can be identified visually by the characteristic scabs on the featherless areas of the bird.

Wet pox
Diagnosis of wet pox can be complicated by similar appearing lesions of other respiratory diseases. The only conclusive way to confirm wet pox is by using histopathology on suspect lesion tissue fixed in formalin. The presence of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies) is diagnostic for pox virus infection.

TRANSMISSION
The virus contained in the scabs contaminates the environment and remains infective for many months.
The virus is transmitted via;

• Mechanical transmission is considered the primary method for dissemination of the virus, and infection can occur through injured or lacerated skin. Mechanical vectors such as insects, can easily carry pox virus and may deposit the virus on susceptible birds. Flies may walk on the eyes of birds, leaving virus behind, and mosquito bites can result in rapid spread of pox throughout the farm.
• Airborne transmission is also suspected in many cases of wet pox.
• In a contaminated house, the infection can spread easily from bird to bird, cage to cage, and by the standing water in drinking cups.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Because there's no effective cure, prevention and control is the best measure for keeping flocks healthy.
•Proper vaccination
• Adhere to strict biosecurity measures in the farm
• Control the proliferation of insects colonies by regularly disinfecting the environment.

Vaccine "Takes"
Pox vaccination via the wing web method produces a small lesion, or “take,” which appears some days after vaccination as a swelling of the skin or small scab at the site of vaccination. This tissue swelling is the sure evidence of a successful pox vaccination.

In large flocks, about 10 per cent of the flock should be examined for "takes" approximately 5–6 days post-vaccination.

Out of the examined pullets, 99%–100% of those birds should have "takes" present.
A lack of the proper amount of "takes" can result from:
1. Application to an immune bird,
2. Lack of potency of vaccine (e.g. used after expiration date or vaccine exposed to deleterious effects), and
3. Improper application.

Recommended articles
Odour Control in Poultry Farm
Bumblefoot Disease and Treatment in Chicken
Infectious Coryza
CRD IN POULTRY:PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Note:
Vaccination is practiced based on history of exposure—revaccination, if necessary, can be done in the face of an outbreak because pox infections are usually slow spreading.
In the event of an outbreak, liquid iodine disinfectant (used for disinfecting water lines) added to the water appears to aid in mortality reduction.

Please Follow us by clicking on the 3 parallel lines at the top right corner of this page on your device

ADVANTAGES OF CAMBOROUGH PIG BREED OVER OTHER BREEDS

We supply all your needs, reach us for age specifications Recommended article; Best egg booster every poultry farmer needs Our expectant mothers Camborough boar King boar (Watch: Our fast growing weaners ) Camborough pigs are a product of a cross-breeding system known as criss-crossing- an alternated use of boars of two or more breeds on the female stock produced in a herd. This distributes good characteristics from many different breed lines involved and these are related to meat fat distribution (carcass quality), disease resistance, larger litter size and others. The animal is usually white in colour but, in rare cases, may show characteristics of particular breeds involved in the criss-crossing. (Mating going on in our farm: https://youtu.be/GkKGu0L6aQE ) The Camborough is bred to maximize the kilograms of weaned pigs per year with excellent feed efficiency. In addition, the Camborough can be bred typically three weeks earlier than other genetics, resul...

BREEDING AND MATING IN GRASSCUTTER PRODUCTION

To every husbandman of livestock, reproduction is an important aspect of farming as it determines to an extent, progress. In Breeding of grasscutter the following should be considered; 1. The pedigree records including mean litter size, mean weaning weight and mean generation intervals. 2. Breeding stock should not be from the same parents so as to avoid inbreeding. 3.The chosen male (buck) should be vigorous & aggressive in the presence of a mate while the female (Doe) should be active and docile. 4. Grasscutter for stocking and the subsequent replacements should be docile, healthy and well-developed. 5. The live weight records of the grasscutter to be used for mating should be between 5kg and 8kg 6. Females should be mated at 6 months old and above while male should not be mated at 8 months old and above 2. Females should be taken to the male hutch for mating as females doesn't allow mating in her hutch. Signs of Pregnancy in Grasscutter i. Gestation period...

EXOTIC BREEDS OF PIG: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW BEFORE CHOOSING A BREED

Piglets management The determining factor to a successful swine production is the choice one makes while choosing which breed(s) of pig to start a farm or use to crossbreed existing ones. ... Emmanuel Ugwu (Ozuluonye ) Below are some exotic breeds that one can chose from to be the fathers and mothers of his farm Camborough pig breed Camborough The pig is known for High emphasis on lean meat % and conformation, Very robust hybrid boar, Good libido, Exceptional carcass musling, Superb feed conversion ratios The breed is bred to maximize the kilograms of weaned pigs per year with excellent feed efficiency. In addition, the Camborough can be bred typically three weeks earlier than other breeds resulting in a higher total number of piglets per sow per lifetime and lower production cost. Berkshire pig breed Berkshire They are black with white points (legs, face and tail) Dark-colored ...

THE NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS CHICKEN BREEDS: FACTS ABOUT NIGERIAN CHICKEN BREEDS

Trying or attempting to know or identify the local breeds of chicken in Nigeria can be tedious as most are not documented but with our series of research and consultations, we are able to bring to you, in this post, some facts about the indigenous or local chicken breeds in Nigeria. Nigerian Indigenous Chicken Terms to Note in this post Indigenous breeds They are native chickens of a country that are bred and reared in the same country. Exotic or foreign breeds They are chicken breeds from other countries. Hybrid breeds They are the offspring or product of crossingor mating local breeds with a foreign breed or mating two different breeds (either local or exotic breeds) together. The Local chickens in Nigeria are commonly called the Nigerian Indigenous Chicken (NIC), and they are all classified into three breeds based on location. They are: 1. The Fulani Ecotypes The Fulani Ecotypes, referred to as heavy ecotypes, are found in the following parts of Nig...

CATFISH DISEASES AND TREATMENT

Apply for ZULINKX livestock farmers financial empowerment Grayish film on the skin Cotton wool disease ( Columnaris): Grayish-white film on skin, damaged fins, ulcers, yellow to gray patches on gills, tissues on head may be eaten away. Must be treated immediately with Over-the-counter antibiotic medications. It is a very contagious disease. Disinfect tank, rocks, net, etc. Anaemia disease : Affected fishes has Swelling of head with small bodies, bulging eyes, black in colour. This is attributable to overcrowding. Treat with OTC antibiotics such as penicillin and tetracycline,a void over-crowding, feed adequately. Over crowded fish in the pond Cracked head diseasae : This is the most common catfish disease in ponds. The cause of this disease is not yet understood, although it is believed that adverse water quality resulting from over feeding may be the main factor as well as unbalanced nutrients in ...

Zulinkx Agro & Vet Services

Search This Blog