The fish environment (Water) is the first thing to consider and take care of if good yield is desired in Fish Farming.
The first filling of the pond should be done very carefully and slowly and each filling after draining must be done slowly especially if the walls are dry in order to avoid slumping and sliding of walls as a result of uneven wetting.
Draining is done during sorting or at the end of the period for which the fish are grown in order to harvest fish.
This should be slow also to prevent damage to pond walls and also to avoid fish being lost in the mud.
Avoid leaving some fish in little volume of water in ponds so that predators will not easily consume them.
Ponds should never be filled to the level of the walls. 15—20 cm freeboard is necessary according to the size of the pond.
The freeboard is the distance between the top of the wall and the water level in ponds. Overflows in ponds should be prevented.
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Since water is the main abode of fish, it serves various functions which also include providing dissolved oxygen necessary for respiration, supply of food as well as serving as a medium for reproduction and water discharge.
Because of this, constant monitoring of water for pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity and presence of pollutants is a necessity.
Water with a pH value of 6.5—8.0 is regarded as normal for fish culture while dissolved oxygen of 4—8mg/litre is necessary.
To know the state of water, a spit into a pond with low dissolved oxygen, will take almost five minutes or more before the saliva foam disappears. Pollution causes stress to fish and this in turn exposes fish to diseases.
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