PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF MMA IN PIG: SWINE FARMING

Inflamed and hard udder

Purulent discharge from the vulv

MMA(Mastitis-Metritis-Agalactia) is a complex syndrome in sows,occurs after birth in a short time from 12hrs-3days. It's caused by an infection of the mammary gland or urogenital tract. MMA leads to increased piglets mortality and reduced weaning weights.
-Mastitis: As a result of bacteria infection into the udder often caused by E.coli. In most cases,only one or two mammary glands are affected. It's Metritis.
- Metritis: caused by the infection of the uterus during gestation. Inflammation occurs in the endometrum. Purulent discharge from the vulva is a typical clinical sign.
- Agalactia: A reduction of milk production by the sow often not detected until piglets starts showing signs of starvation.

CAUSES
1. Bacteria: E.coli, Klebsiella spp, Enterobactrsp, Mycoplasma spp, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus.
2. Endocrines: Influence to farrowing and lactation.overweight,Deficiency of fibre,fat or vitamins E and calcium in the sows diet. Lack or inadequate supply of water, feeding sows with high carbohydrates during pregnancy
4. Management: Inappropriate manual intervention during dystocia may Metritis.

CLINICAL SIGNS
Sows with MMA often show signs of
• Fever above 39°c
• Constipation
• Decreased feed intake for 1-2days
• Anxiety
• Reluctance to suckling piglets because of painful udder.
Sometimes these symptoms appear separately or at the same time.
• Hard udder inflammation
• Swelling • Redness
•Pain on palpation
• Purulent discharge from the vulva with milky-like color and fishy smell
• Lower milk production

TREATMENT
It should include:
- Antibiotics injection
- Uterine infusion
- Low dose (1ml/sow) injection of oxytocin
- Piglets can be fed with sow milk replacer.

CONTROL AND PREVENTION
- Adopt good sanitation measures for both sows and farrowing cage to prevent microbial infection into mammary gland or uterus.
- Properly was sow prior to farrowing.
- Cage should be kept clean and dry during lactation
- Ensure adequate clean water for sows during pregnancy
- Sows diet must be controlled during pregnancy to avoid overweight.

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