FOWL CHOLERA DISEASE: PREVENTION AND TREATMENT: POULTRY HEALTH

The causative organism for fowl cholera is Pasteurella multiocida, a gram negative bipolar bacterium. The organism is fairly hardy and can survive at least 1 month in droppings, 3 months in decaying carcasses, and 2–3 months in soil. Pasteurella enters tissues of the mouth and upper respiratory tract and is not transmitted through the egg. The disease is seldom seen in chickens under 4 months of age but is commonly seen in turkeys at younger ages

Bluish face

Ruffled feathers with

Fowl Cholera is a highly contagious bacterial disease of avian species caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida and its in chickens, turkeys, and water fowl, (increasing order of susceptibility).

SYMPTOMS
• High mortality rate is usually the first indication in acute situations
• Greenish diarrhoea
• Swelling of the face or wattles (sometimes, combs and wattles may become cyanotic (turn bluish in colour
• Discharge from the nostrils, mouth and eyes
• Difficulty in breathing
• Lack of coordination.
• Loss of appetite
• Lameness
• Ruffled feathers.
• Swollen joint
• High stock density
• Concurrent infections such as respiratory viruses.

TRANSMISSION
• By direct or indirect contact between birds or from infected premises.
• Oral or nasal with transmission via nasal exudate, faeces, contaminated soil, equipment, and people.
• The incubation period is usually 5-8 days.
• Recovered birds remain carriers.

PREVENTION
• Apply all-in/all-out production method
• Use live oral vaccine at 6 weeks
• Adopt strict biosecurity
• Bacterins at 8 and 12 weeks
• Adopt good rodent control measures in poultry house
• Regularly disinfect poultry house

TREATMENT
• Use sulphonamides • Tetracyclines,
• Erythromycin • Streptomycin
• Penicillin.
• The most efficient treatment in breeding flocks or laying hens is individual intramuscular injections of a long-acting tetracyclines, with the same antibiotic in drinking water, simultaneously.

Read: LISTERIOSIS DISEASE OF SHEEP AND GOAT

Note:
The disease often reoccurs after medication is stopped, warranting long-term or periodic medication.
The bacterium is easily destroyed by environmental factors and disinfectants, but may persist for prolonged periods in soil. Reservoirs of infection may be present in other species such as rodents, cats, and possibly pigs.
With proper medications, the mortality and symptoms may stop within one week but the bacteria might remain present in the flock.

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