VACCINE FAILURE: CAUSES AND PREVENTION

Vaccination route

Animals are susceptible to a variety of diseases. And one of the keys to producing and harvesting healthy animals is by observing and carrying out a proper vaccination routine.
vaccine failure is when an organism contracts a disease in spite of being vaccinated against it. Primary vaccine failure occurs when an animal's immune system does not produce antibodies when first vaccinated. Vaccines can fail when several series are given and fail to produce an immune response.
Archiving initial immunity may require more than one round of vaccination.

Routes of Vaccination
• Drinking water,
• Air sprays,
• Eye inoculation and
• Orally etc.

Likely Causes of Vaccine Failure
Vaccine failure may be caused by multiple factors including;
Animal Health Statues,Environment and Pathogen.

Improper storage: Storing under heat
Improper timing: Vaccinating in the hot hot hours.
Use of Epired Vaccine: Vaccines that has lost their potency before use
Improper administration: Following wrong administration route
Inadequate dosage: Use of insufficient dosage for a herd
Exposure to sunlight
Improper formulation

How to Prevent Vaccine Failure
√ Keep vaccines refrigerated and not frozen
√ Use vaccine before expiration date
√ Vaccinate healthy animals
√ Keep vaccine out of direct sunlight
√ Use stabilizers like milk.

Read also;
How to be a good poultry farmer
How to prevent mortality in poultry
Feeding pigs with poultry manure
How prepare poultry brooding house
Feeding broilers with PKC

Don't forget to Follow us by clicking on the 3 parallel lines at the top right corner of this page on your device

Comments

THE NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS CHICKEN BREEDS: FACTS ABOUT NIGERIAN CHICKEN BREEDS

Trying or attempting to know or identify the local breeds of chicken in Nigeria can be tedious as most are not documented but with our series of research and consultations, we are able to bring to you, in this post, some facts about the indigenous or local chicken breeds in Nigeria. Nigerian Indigenous Chicken Terms to Note in this post Indigenous breeds They are native chickens of a country that are bred and reared in the same country. Exotic or foreign breeds They are chicken breeds from other countries. Hybrid breeds They are the offspring or product of crossingor mating local breeds with a foreign breed or mating two different breeds (either local or exotic breeds) together. The Local chickens in Nigeria are commonly called the Nigerian Indigenous Chicken (NIC), and they are all classified into three breeds based on location. They are: 1. The Fulani Ecotypes The Fulani Ecotypes, referred to as heavy ecotypes, are found in the following parts of Nig...

ICHACHA/AVUKE BREED OF CHICKEN IN NIGERIA

Nigeria is a country in Africa and well known for her rich cultural and traditional heritage and most of the animals we keep or eat are among this heritage. In this post, Ozuluonye Emmanuel, puts a great write up about Avuke okuko Ichacha cock Ichacha or Avuke is an undocumented popular breed of indigenous chicken in Nigeria particularly among the Igbos in the southeastern part of the country. Among all local chicken breeds, it commands a higher price than every other breeds chiefly because in the Igbo traditional religion, it's mostly used to offer sacrifices to the deities. Local chicken markets in Igbo land are always in a short supply of this special breed of indigenous chicken. Ichacha hen brooding her chicks Characteristics of Ichacha • They have very short and limited feather at the wing and tail region . • It has less feathers covering the entire body. • Its color can be black, brown, red, white or a mixture of colours or black and whit...

BREEDING AND MATING IN GRASSCUTTER PRODUCTION

To every husbandman of livestock, reproduction is an important aspect of farming as it determines to an extent, progress. In Breeding of grasscutter the following should be considered; 1. The pedigree records including mean litter size, mean weaning weight and mean generation intervals. 2. Breeding stock should not be from the same parents so as to avoid inbreeding. 3.The chosen male (buck) should be vigorous & aggressive in the presence of a mate while the female (Doe) should be active and docile. 4. Grasscutter for stocking and the subsequent replacements should be docile, healthy and well-developed. 5. The live weight records of the grasscutter to be used for mating should be between 5kg and 8kg 6. Females should be mated at 6 months old and above while male should not be mated at 8 months old and above 2. Females should be taken to the male hutch for mating as females doesn't allow mating in her hutch. Signs of Pregnancy in Grasscutter i. Gestation period...

CATFISH DISEASES AND TREATMENT

Apply for ZULINKX livestock farmers financial empowerment Grayish film on the skin Cotton wool disease ( Columnaris): Grayish-white film on skin, damaged fins, ulcers, yellow to gray patches on gills, tissues on head may be eaten away. Must be treated immediately with Over-the-counter antibiotic medications. It is a very contagious disease. Disinfect tank, rocks, net, etc. Anaemia disease : Affected fishes has Swelling of head with small bodies, bulging eyes, black in colour. This is attributable to overcrowding. Treat with OTC antibiotics such as penicillin and tetracycline,a void over-crowding, feed adequately. Over crowded fish in the pond Cracked head diseasae : This is the most common catfish disease in ponds. The cause of this disease is not yet understood, although it is believed that adverse water quality resulting from over feeding may be the main factor as well as unbalanced nutrients in ...

COMMON DISEASES OF RABBITS: PREVENTION AND CONTROL:RABBIT FARMING CHALLENGES

Rabbits like every other livestock,are affected by different kinds of diseases some of which affects the Farmer's maximum or expected yield. Some common diseases and problems seen in rabbits can be prevented by ensuring you have an understanding of what a healthy rabbit requires and the subtle signs that can tell you your rabbit is sick. Rabbits are domesticated mammals, but it should be remembered that they are very closely related to wild rabbits, and as such will hide signs of illness until they are very sick as this would make them “easy prey” in nature. We encourage you pay close attention to your rabbit, a correct diet, up to date vaccinations and regular health checks to ensure you pick up the early signs of problems, and prevent developing diseases. Ear canker and skin mange Uterine tumor Myxomatosis Below are common diseases of Rabbits and how it can be controlled. 1. EAR CANKER AND SKIN MANGE(SKIN SORES ) External parasites like mites causes this conditi...

Zulinkx Agro & Vet Services

Search This Blog